MSI MS-9282 Specifiche Scaricare il pdf (Pagina 2)

5 Operating system services
5.1 Processor microcode updates
5.2 Identification
5.3 Modern use
6 Configuration
6.1 Setup utility
6.2 Reprogramming
6.3 Overclocking
7 Hardware
8 Vendors and products
9 Security
10 Alternatives and successors
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
History
The term BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) was invented by Gary Kildall
[5]
 and first appeared in the
CP/M operating system in 1975,
[2][3][6][7]
 describing the machine-specific part of CP/M loaded during
boot time that interfaces directly with the hardware.
[3]
 (A CP/M machine usually has only a simple
boot loader in its ROM.)
Versions of MS-DOS, PC DOS or DR-DOS contain a file called variously "IO.SYS",
"IBMBIO.COM", "IBMBIO.SYS", or "DRBIOS.SYS"; this file is known as the "DOS BIOS" (aka
"DOS I/O System") and contains the lower-level hardware-specific part of the operating system.
Together with the underlying hardware-specific, but operating system-independent "System BIOS",
which resides in ROM, it represents the analogous to the "CP/M BIOS".
With the introduction of PS/2 machines, IBM divided the System BIOS into real-mode and protected
mode portions. The real-mode portion was meant to provide backward-compatibility with existing
operating systems such as DOS, and therefore was named "CBIOS" (for Compatibility BIOS),
whereas the "ABIOS" (for Advanced BIOS) provided new interfaces specifically suited for
multitasking operating systems such as OS/2.
BIOS user interface
The BIOS of the original IBM PC XT had no interactive user interface. Error codes or messages were
displayed on the screen, or coded series of sounds were generated to signal errors (when the POST had
not proceeded to the point of successfully initializing a video display adapter). Options on the PC and
XT were set by switches and jumpers on the main board and on peripheral cards. Starting around the

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